Shahed University
Journal of Basic and Clinical Pathophysiology
2322-1895
2345-4334
5
1
2017
03
01
The effect of task-based mirror therapy on upper limb functions and activities of daily living in patients with chronic cerebrovascular accident: A randomized control trial
1
12
EN
Naeme
Haji alizade
Occupational theray master of sciense student. Tehran univercity of medical sciense
alizadeot@gmail.com
Mehdi
abdolvahab
occupational therapist, faculty of rehabilitation, Tehran university of medical sciense.
mehdiabdolvahab@yahoo.com
Hosein
Bagheri
Associate Professor of physical therapy, faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
hbagheri@tums.ac.ir
Mahmood
Jalili
occupational therapist, faculty of rehabilitation, tehran university of medical sciense.
m.jalili@yahoo.com
Ahmadreza
Baghestani
biostatist associate professor, Shahid Beheshti University.
baghestani.ar@gmail.com
Ebrahim
Entezari
physical therapist, faculty of rehabilitation, tehran university of medical sciense.
e.entezari@yahoo.com
Mahboobe
Mandegari
MSc student of occupational therapy, faculty of rehabilitation, Iran university of medical sciense.
m.mandegari@gmail.com
10.22070/jbcp.2017.2156.1071
<strong>Background and Objective:</strong> Cerebro-Vascular Accident (CVA) is considered to be one of the main causes of acquired motor disability in adults. Different motor rehabilitation programs are being designed in order to improve motor difficulties of patients with CVA. In the current study we aimed to assess the effect of task-based mirror therapy on upper limb functions and activities of daily living in patients with CVA.<br /> <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Twenty one patients with CVA were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (mirror therapy) (11 individuals) and control (10 individuals) and the both groups were receiving the usual rehabilitation protocol. The intervention group also received mirror therapy besides the usual program. Motor functions and activities of daily living were assessed via different tests (including: Box and Block test, Jebsen Taylor test, Minnesota manual dexterity test and Barthel scale) before and after the intervention course. <strong></strong><br /> <strong>Results:</strong> The results showed that regarding the effect of task-based mirror therapy on different motor skills and activities of daily living, measured by mentioned tests, the main effect of time as well as the interaction effect of group × time was significant (p<br /> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Generally, our findings in the present investigation suggest that mirror therapy has the potential to improve upper limb function and activities of daily living in patients with chronic CVA.
Task- based mirror therapy,Activity of daily living,Cerebro-Vascular Accident and upper limb function
https://jbcp.shahed.ac.ir/article_440.html
https://jbcp.shahed.ac.ir/article_440_e34f19ced6d332d95b3dd38d92870d5b.pdf
Shahed University
Journal of Basic and Clinical Pathophysiology
2322-1895
2345-4334
5
1
2017
03
01
Maternal serum levels of interleukin-6 and β-hCG in women with hyperemesis gravidarum in the first trimester of pregnancy
13
18
EN
Ahia
Garshasbi
Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
garshasbi@shahed.ac.ir
Tooba
Ghazanfari
Professor, Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
tghazanfari@yahoo.com
Farid
Zayeri
Assistant Professor, Proteomic Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Maryam
Kamali
Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
10.22070/jbcp.2017.1953.1069
<strong>Background and Objective</strong>: Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is defined as vomiting sufficiently severe to produce weight loss, dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory and trophoblast-derived cytokine has ability to induce trophoblasts to secrete human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The purpose of our study was to assay the level of IL-6 and β-hCG in serum of pregnant women suffering from HG during the first trimester of pregnancy and compare with gestational age-matched controls and normal non pregnant women.<br /> <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>Plasma concentrations of IL-6 and β-hCG were measured in 30 healthy non pregnant women and 30 women with HG, 30 pregnant women with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) and 30 normal pregnant women, matched for age, parity and gestational age .<br /> <strong>Results: </strong>Mean serum levels of β-hCG were higher in women with HG. There was a significant difference between the three groups (P <strong>Conclusion: </strong>IL-6 levels rise in women with HG and this could lead to higher levels of hCG seen in these patients. It appears that IL-6 does not have a primary role in etiology of HG.
Hyperemesis gravidarum,Nausea and vomiting,Pregnancy,Interleukin-6,hCG
https://jbcp.shahed.ac.ir/article_434.html
https://jbcp.shahed.ac.ir/article_434_6eda31d1fafa8e208fe5dda1d8f1d5a2.pdf
Shahed University
Journal of Basic and Clinical Pathophysiology
2322-1895
2345-4334
5
1
2017
03
01
The effect of methadone and haloperidol combination on anxiety induced by morphine withdrawal in male mice
19
26
EN
Ashkan
Sanaie Rad
Shahed University
sanaieradashkan18@gmail.com
Elham
Zahedi
shahed University
elhamzahedi.ez85@yahoo.com
Fariba
Ansari
Shahed University
sageb_noor@yahoo.com
Mohsen
Khalili
department of Physiology,school of medicine,shahed university,Abdollah Zadeh street, Keshavarz Blvd,Tehran, Iran
najafabady@yahoo.com
10.22070/jbcp.2017.2267.1074
<strong>Background and Objective:</strong> Regarding inefficiency of common drugs used for alleviation of anxiety due to narcotics withdrawal, the present study was evaluated methadone and haloperidol co-drugs therapy on anxiety due to morphine withdrawal.<br /> <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Ninety eight NMRI male mice were divided into acute and chronic experimental groups. Then, each group was divided into 7 subgroups: saline, morphine (control), methadone, haloperidol, methadone+haloperidol, methadone+haloperidol with 2/1 and 1/2 ratio, respectively. Mice were addicted chronically (over 8 days) by receiving escalating doses of morphine and acute (morphine was applied only on 8<sup>th</sup> day) procedures. Anxiety was induced by naloxone application in addicted mice. Elevated plus-maze and open field tests were used for evaluation of anxiety<strong>. </strong><br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Obtained data showed that in both chronic and acute groups, treatment with co-drugs methadone and haloperidol could markedly alleviate anxiety signs produced by interruption of morphine consumption.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> We found out that the anxiety as a major sign of morphine withdrawal sign could be diminished by methadone+haloperidol therapy versus drugs alone.
Morphine,anxiety,methadone,haloperidol,mice
https://jbcp.shahed.ac.ir/article_437.html
https://jbcp.shahed.ac.ir/article_437_bd7cae62b030e797d82fce4aee560d82.pdf
Shahed University
Journal of Basic and Clinical Pathophysiology
2322-1895
2345-4334
5
1
2017
03
01
The effects of aqueous cinnamon bark extract and cinnamaldehyde on neurons of substantia nigra and behavioral impairment in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease
27
32
EN
Mehrdad
Roghani
Shahed Univ.
mehjour@yahoo.com
Fereshteh
Mehraein
IUMS
frdehkordi@gmail.com
Maryam
Zamani
IUMS
mroghani@shahed.ac.ir
Feraidoon
Negahdar
IUMS
negahdar@gmail.com
Asieh
Shojaee
IUMS
s_ghalami@yahoo.com
10.22070/jbcp.2017.2222.1072
<strong>Background and Objective:</strong> Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. In recent years, there have been interests in the role of the free radical damage in PD. Cinnamon and its derivative, cinnamaldehyde acts as powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. This research focused on the effects of cinnamon extract and cinnamaldehyde on neurons of SNc of a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease.<br /> <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> 45 adult male mice with an average weight of 25-35 g were divided into 9 groups of 5 each: group 1: control PBS, group 2: control serum, group 3: 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), group 4: MPTP + low dose of cinnamon extract pretreatment (20 mg/kg), group 5: MPTP+ high dose of cinnamon extract pretreatment (40 mg/kg), group 6: MPTP + low dose of cinnamon extract treatment (20 mg/kg), group7: MPTP + high dose of cinnamon extract treatment (40 mg/kg), group 8: MPTP + cinnamaldehyde pretreatment (30 mg/kg), group 9: MPTP+ cinnamaldehyde treatment (30 mg/kg). Rotarod test was used to assess motor and balance of the mice. After behavioral studies, all mice were anesthetized and perfused transcardially with 0.1 M PBS (PH=7.4) followed by 4% buffered paraformaldehyde fixative. The brain of the mice were removed and fixed in the paraformaldehyde and stained for Nissl and the number of Nissl-stained neurons were counted. Data was analyzed using SPSS software by one way ANOVA.<br /> <strong>Results: </strong>Aqueous cinnamon extract and cinnamaldehyde improved rotarod performance of MPTP-lesioned mice and prevented loss of Nissl-stained neurons of SNc of the midbrain.<br /> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that cinnamaldehye as a natural antioxidant may protect neurons of SNc neurons against Parkinson’s disease.
Cinnamon,Cinnamaldehyde,Dopaminergic neurons,Parkinson’s disease,MPTP
https://jbcp.shahed.ac.ir/article_438.html
https://jbcp.shahed.ac.ir/article_438_72e4656ff3377fda38a667006f6bc1e9.pdf
Shahed University
Journal of Basic and Clinical Pathophysiology
2322-1895
2345-4334
5
1
2017
03
01
The beneficial effects of riluzole on GFAP and iNOS expression in intrahippocampal Aβ rat model of Alzheimer’s disease
33
38
EN
Zahra
Mokhtari
IUMS
zahramokhtari@yahoo.com
Tourandokht
Baluchnejadmojarad
TUMS, Tehran, Iran
tmojarad@yahoo.com
Mehrdad
Roghani
Shahed Univ.
mehjour@yahoo.com
10.22070/jbcp.2017.2334.1076
<strong>Background and Objective</strong>: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder specified by deposition of b-amyloid (Ab) and neuronal loss that leads to learning and memory disturbances. One of the most important causes of AD is glutamate-dependent excitotoxicity in brain regions that is vulnerable to AD. According to previous reported results, it was revealed that riluzole, as a glutamate release inhibitor, could improve learning and memory in an experimental model of AD. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of riluzole on Hippocampal astrogliosis and amyloidosis in a rat model of AD.<br /> <strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: In the present study, the effects of riluzole administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day <em>p.o.</em> on hippocampal glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) as an astrogliosis marker and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) level in Ab (25-35)-injected rats was evaluated.<br /> <strong>Results</strong>: The results showed that in Ab (25–35)-injected rats, the intrahippocampal GFAP (p <strong>Conclusion</strong>: This study indicates that in rat model of AD, riluzole is able to attenuate NO synthesis with reducing hippocampal iNOS level, probably through inhibition of glutamatergic signaling pathway.
Alzheimer's disease,Riluzole,GFAP,iNOS,beta amyloid
https://jbcp.shahed.ac.ir/article_436.html
https://jbcp.shahed.ac.ir/article_436_2931e3d3e8f5a9c150d54a8665729053.pdf
Shahed University
Journal of Basic and Clinical Pathophysiology
2322-1895
2345-4334
5
1
2017
03
01
A study on inhibitory effect of ethanolic extract of the Pistacia lentiscus on acetylcholinesterase activity
39
44
EN
gholamali
naderi
Associate Professor - Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
naderi@shahed.ac.ir
Mehrdad
Roghani
Professor of Medical Physiology - Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
m.roghani@yahoo.com
10.22070/jbcp.2017.2225.1073
<strong>Background and Objective:</strong> Changes of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase are involved in pathogenesis of different nervous disorders including Alzheimer’s disease. This research work was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effect of <em>Pistacia lentiscus</em> ethanolic extract on acetylcholinesterase activity.<br /> <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>Activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was measured by Ellman method, using scale. Then, Lineweaver Burk plot was used to calculate Km, Vmax and Ki. In all phases, the enzyme’s concentration was constant and its activity was measured at six different concentrations of acetylthiocholine (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mM) at room temperature (25 °C) and based on the optical absorption at 412 nm wavelength. Experiments were conducted in the presence of various concentrations of physostigmine and also <em>Pistacia lentiscus</em> (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 ug/ml).<br /> <strong>Results: </strong>Ki of inhibitors were measured at different concentrations of acetylthiocholine (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mM) and also in the presence of various concentrations of physostigmine and <em>Pistacia lentiscus</em> (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 ug/ml). IC50 of physostigmine and <em>Pistacia lentiscus </em>were determined as 2.9 and 6.5 μg/ml, respectively.<br /> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Since lower levels of Ki and IC50 indicate higher inhibitory effects on the enzyme, therefore, results show that physostigmine is a stronger inhibitor than <em>Pistacia lentiscus</em>. <br /> <strong>Background and Objective:</strong> Changes of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase are involved in pathogenesis of different nervous disorders including Alzheimer’s disease. This research work was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effect of <em>Pistacia lentiscus</em> ethanolic extract on acetylcholinesterase activity.<br /> <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>Activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was measured by Ellman method, using scale. Then, Lineweaver Burk plot was used to calculate Km, Vmax and Ki. In all phases, the enzyme’s concentration was constant and its activity was measured at six different concentrations of acetylthiocholine (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mM) at room temperature (25 °C) and based on the optical absorption at 412 nm wavelength. Experiments were conducted in the presence of various concentrations of physostigmine and also <em>Pistacia lentiscus</em> (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 ug/ml).<br /> <strong>Results: </strong>Ki of inhibitors were measured at different concentrations of acetylthiocholine (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mM) and also in the presence of various concentrations of physostigmine and <em>Pistacia lentiscus</em> (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 ug/ml). IC50 of physostigmine and <em>Pistacia lentiscus </em>were determined as 2.9 and 6.5 μg/ml, respectively.<br /> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Since lower levels of Ki and IC50 indicate higher inhibitory effects on the enzyme, therefore, results show that physostigmine is a stronger inhibitor than <em>Pistacia lentiscus</em>.
: Alzheimer’s disease,Acetylcholinesterase,Pistacia lentiscus,Inhibitory,Physostigmine
https://jbcp.shahed.ac.ir/article_435.html
https://jbcp.shahed.ac.ir/article_435_e9b28c3296ae9e91817707ef6fb9341d.pdf
Shahed University
Journal of Basic and Clinical Pathophysiology
2322-1895
2345-4334
5
1
2017
03
01
The effect of silymarin on prevention of hippocampus neuronal damage in rats with temporal lob epilepsy
45
50
EN
Reza
sedaghat
Department of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
Zahra
Zarrinkhameh
School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
Siamak
Afshin-Majd
Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
majd@yahoo.com
Fariba
Ansari
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
sageb_noor@yahoo.com
Maryam
Sharayeli
Department of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
Mehrdad
Roghani
Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
m.roghani@yahoo.com
<strong>Background and Objective: </strong>Temporal lobe epilepsy is hallmarked with neuronal degeneration in some areas of hippocampus and mossy fiber sprouting in dentate area. Considering some evidences on neuroprotective and antioxidant activity of silymarin (SM), this study was undertaken to evaluate the preventive effect of this agent on structural changes in hippocampus of kainate-epileptic rats.<br /><br /> <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> In this study, 32 male<strong> </strong>rats were divided into sham, SM-treated sham, epileptic, and SM-treated epileptic group. Rat model of epilepsy was induced by unilateral intrahippocampal administration of 0.8 μg kainic acid per rat. Rats received SM (100 mg/kg, i.p.) daily for 3 days before the surgery. Finally, brain sections were stained with Nissl and Timm methods.<br /><br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Induction of epilepsy was followed by a significant seizure and SM pretreatment did not lower seizure intensity. In addition, density of Nissl-stained neurons in CA3 and CA4 areas of hippocampus was significantly lower in epileptic rats versus sham (p
Silymarin,Temporal lobe epilepsy,Seizure,Hippocampus
https://jbcp.shahed.ac.ir/article_439.html
https://jbcp.shahed.ac.ir/article_439_3df57190b865e0b29e306bb4443c32d7.pdf