Selenium nanoparticles inclusion into chitosan hydrogels act as a chemical inducer for differentiation of PC12 cells into neuronal cells

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Cognitive Science, Dade Pardazi, Shenakht Mehvar, Atynegar (DSA) Institute, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Background and Objective: Biomaterials and nanomaterials have generated a great opportunity in regenerative medicine. Neurological disorders can result in permanent and severe derangement in motor and sensory functions. This study was conducted to examine the effects of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) as a chemical inducer for differentiation of PC12 cells into sympathetic-like neurons characterized by neurite outgrowth.
Materials and Methods: Size, surface charge, the shape of Se NPs and the morphology of hydrogels were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta sizer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. DAPI staining, RT-PCR and western blot assays were used to evaluate cell attachment and mRNA and protein levels of neuronal markers, respectively.
Results: The hydrodynamic size of Se NPs was about 33.55 nm and their surface charge was shifted from -24 to +3.4 mV. The morphological characterization demonstrated monodisperse spherical particles after coating with BSA. SEM images demonstrated that chitosan hydrogel containing Se NPs has suitable pore sizes for penetration of cells. DAPI staining and live/dead assay demonstrated the ability of cell attachment and biocompatibility of hydrogel, respectively. RT-PCR and western blot assays showed that neurite extension of differentiated PC12 cells can be linked to significantly increased mRNA levels of Map2, β-tubulin, increased protein levels of neurofilament-200 (NF200) as neuronal markers and decreased protein levels of ki67 protein as a proliferation marker.
Conclusion: Collectively, our findings show that Se NPs can act as a chemical inducer for the differentiation of PC12 cells into sympathetic-like

Keywords


  1. Ong W, Pinese C, Chew SY. Scaffold-mediated sequential drug/gene delivery to promote nerve regeneration and remyelination following traumatic nerve injuries. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 2019.
  2. Poplawski G, Ishikawa T, Brifault C, Lee‐Kubli C, Regestam R, Henry KW, et al. Schwann cells regulate sensory neuron gene expression before and after peripheral nerve injury. Glia 2018;66(8):1577-90.
  3. Anderson MA, Burda JE, Ren Y, Ao Y, O’Shea TM, Kawaguchi R, et al. Astrocyte scar formation aids central nervous system axon regeneration. Nature 2016;532(7598):195.
  4. Bonfanti L. From hydra regeneration to human brain structural plasticity: a long trip through narrowing roads. The Scientific World Journal 2011;11:1270-99.
  5. Schuh CM, Day AG, Redl H, Phillips J. An optimized collagen-fibrin blend engineered neural tissue promotes peripheral nerve repair. Tissue Engineering Part A 2018;24(17-18):1332-40.
  6. Meyer C, Stenberg L, Gonzalez-Perez F, Wrobel S, Ronchi G, Udina E, et al. Chitosan-film enhanced chitosan nerve guides for long-distance regeneration of peripheral nerves. Biomaterials 2016;76:33-51.
  7. Santos D, Wieringa P, Moroni L, Navarro X, Valle JD. PEOT/PBT guides enhance nerve regeneration in long gap defects. Advanced Healthcare Materials 2017;6(3):1600298.
  8. Gu X, Ding F, Yang Y, Liu J. Construction of tissue engineered nerve grafts and their application in peripheral nerve regeneration. Progress in Neurobiology 2011;93(2):204-30.
  9. Vishnoi T, Singh A, Teotia AK, Kumar A. Chitosan-gelatin-polypyrrole cryogel matrix for stem cell differentiation into neural lineage and sciatic nerve regeneration in peripheral nerve injury model. ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering 2019.
  10. Dalamagkas K, Tsintou M, Seifalian A. Advances in peripheral nervous system regenerative therapeutic strategies: a biomaterials approach. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2016; 65:425-32.
  11. Bąk M, Gutkowska ON, Wagner E, Gosk J. The role of chitin and chitosan in peripheral nerve reconstruction. Polymers in Medicine 2017; 47(1):43-7.
  12. Zhao Y, Wang Y, Gong J, Yang L, Niu C, Ni X, et al. Chitosan degradation products facilitate peripheral nerve regeneration by improving macrophage-constructed microenvironments. Biomaterials 2017;134:64-77.
  13. Cardoso BR, Roberts BR, Bush AI, Hare DJ. Selenium, selenoproteins and neurodegenerative diseases. Metallomics 2015;7(8):1213-28.
  14. Flohé L. Selenium and human health: snapshots from the frontiers of selenium biomedicine. Selenium and tellurium chemistry: Springer; 2011: 285-302.
  15. Zhang J, Zhou X, Yu Q, Yang L, Sun D, Zhou Y, et al. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)-stabilized selenium nanoparticles coated with Tet-1 peptide to reduce amyloid-β aggregation and cytotoxicity. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2014;6(11):8475-87.
  16. Zheng C, Wang J, Liu Y, Yu Q, Liu Y, Deng N, et al. Functional selenium nanoparticles enhanced stem cell osteoblastic differentiation through BMP signaling pathways. Advanced Functional Materials 2014;24(43):6872-83.
  17. Mili B, Das K, Kumar A, Saxena A, Singh P, Ghosh S, et al. Preparation of NGF encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles and its evaluation on neuronal differentiation potentiality of canine mesenchymal stem cells. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 2018;29(1):4.
  18. Baniasadi H, SA AR, Mashayekhan S. Fabrication and characterization of conductive chitosan/gelatin-based scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2015;74:360-6.
  19. Subhi H, Hakimi I, Jie NTL, Reza F, Husein A, Nurul AA. Effect of chitosan on antibacterial activity of gypsum-based biomaterial compared to two dental liners. Journal of International Oral Health 2019;11(3):118.
  20. Vaz JM, Pezzoli D, Chevallier P, Campelo CS, Candiani G, Mantovani D. Antibacterial coatings based on chitosan for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Current Pharmaceutical Design 2018;24(8):866-85.
  21. Liu W, Li X, Wong Y-S, Zheng W, Zhang Y, Cao W, et al. Selenium nanoparticles as a carrier of 5-fluorouracil to achieve anticancer synergism. ACS Nano 2012;6(8):6578-91.
  22. Sakr TM, Korany M, Katti KV. Selenium nanomaterials in biomedicine—An overview of new opportunities in nanomedicine of selenium. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 2018;46:223-33.
  23. Kong H, Yang J, Zhang Y, Fang Y, Nishinari K, Phillips GO. Synthesis and antioxidant properties of gum arabic-stabilized selenium nanoparticles. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2014;65:155-62.
  24. Cremonini E, Zonaro E, Donini M, Lampis S, Boaretti M, Dusi S, et al. Biogenic selenium nanoparticles: characterization, antimicrobial activity and effects on human dendritic cells and fibroblasts. Microbial Biotechnology 2016;9(6):758-71.
  25. Menon S, KS SD, Santhiya R, Rajeshkumar S, Kumar V. Selenium nanoparticles: A potent chemotherapeutic agent and an elucidation of its mechanism. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 2018;170:280-92.
  26. Yu B, Zhang Y, Zheng W, Fan C, Chen T. Positive surface charge enhances selective cellular uptake and anticancer efficacy of selenium nanoparticles. Inorganic Chemistry 2012;51(16):8956-63.
  27. Yang L, Sun J, Xie W, Liu Y, Liu J. Dual-functional selenium nanoparticles bind to and inhibit amyloid β fiber formation in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Materials Chemistry B 2017;5(30):5954-67.
  28. Tian L, Prabhakaran MP, Hu J, Chen M, Besenbacher F, Ramakrishna S. Synergistic effect of topography, surface chemistry and conductivity of the electrospun nanofibrous scaffold on cellular response of PC12 cells. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 2016;145:420-9.
  29. Chen X, Wu Y, Ranjan VD, Zhang Y. Three-dimensional electrical conductive scaffold from biomaterial-based carbon microfiber sponge with bioinspired coating for cell proliferation and differentiation. Carbon 2018;134:174-82.
  30. Li N, Zhang Q, Gao S, Song Q, Huang R, Wang L, et al. Three-dimensional graphene foam as a biocompatible and conductive scaffold for neural stem cells. Scientific Reports 2013;3:1604.
  31. Greene LA, Tischler AS. Establishment of a noradrenergic clonal line of rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells which respond to nerve growth factor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1976;73(7):2424-8.
  32. Hu Y, Liu T, Li J, Mai F, Li J, Chen Y, et al. Selenium nanoparticles as new strategy to potentiate γδ T cell anti-tumor cytotoxicity through upregulation of tubulin-α acetylation. Biomaterials 2019;222:119397.
  33. Ahmed NH, El-Batal AI, Barakat LA, Khirallah SM. Possibility of Selenium Nanoparticles Manufactured by Glycyrrhiza glabra Extract and γ-irradiation to Suppress the Growth of Murine Tumor. Journal of Advance Research in Pharmacy & Biological Science  2019;5(2):01-23.