Shahed UniversityJournal of Basic and Clinical Pathophysiology2322-189512220241030Aluminium chloride-induced Alzheimer's disease and inflammation in the male rat reproductive system110460710.22070/jbcp.2024.18458.1175ENLeylaKhajezadehDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, IranManizhehKaramiDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, IranHaniyehAminiDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20231112<strong>Background and Objective:</strong> The abundance of aluminium (Al) along with its widespread use by humans has caused problems such as Alzheimer's disease and inflammation. We investigated the inflammation of the reproductive system of Alzheimer's rat model induced by aluminium chloride (AlCl3: Abbreviated as Al) in drinking water.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Animals (200-250 g) were randomly divided into control and treatment groups with Al (10 and 50 mg/kg). They were studied for two to four weeks, during which they consumed tap water or water containing the desired volume concentration of the substance. Blood samples were taken from anesthetized animals and testicular tissue was studied with different staining methods. Serum levels of testosterone (T), LH, FSH, TNF-α and IL-1ß were analyzed. T receptor density was also studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA).<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The destructive effect of Al on the testis tissue was very significant in comparison to the control, regardless of the dose and duration of use. T and TNF-α levels as well as T receptor density were decreased. However, the weight of the animals did not show significant changes during the study.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Al can cause inflammation of the reproductive system and disrupt the structure and function of the reproductive system of rats.https://jbcp.shahed.ac.ir/article_4607_f2708856060b3b50379aeb13c54a563e.pdfShahed UniversityJournal of Basic and Clinical Pathophysiology2322-189512220241030Gastroesophageal reflux rate after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy during 2 years1116460810.22070/jbcp.2024.19029.1177ENNasserMalekpour AlamdariCritical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranElaheSotoudehDepartment of General Surgery, Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranSeyed HosseinHajimirzaeiCommittee of Research Ethics, Deputy Minister of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health, Tehran, IranMaryamAbbasiDepartment of General Surgery, Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-5032-747XJournal Article20240418<strong>Background and Objective:</strong> Studies have shown that sleeve gastrectomy surgery increases the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of postoperative reflux.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy at Shahid Modarres Hospital and had preoperative endoscopy available were evaluated. Endoscopic findings were recorded according to the Los Angeles criteria and the endoscopic results one year after sleeve gastrectomy were compared with the preoperative findings.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The present study was performed on 200 patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy with a mean age of 31.2 ± 7.28 years and a mean weight of 121.98 ± 18.21 kg. Among patients, 153 (76.5%) were female and 47 (23.5%) were male. The results of the study showed that according to the endoscopic findings before the operation, 101 patients (50.5%) were normal. 52 patients (26%) had GERD A, 32 patients (16%) had GERD B, 15 patients (7.5%) had GERD C, that after the surgery 91 patients (45.5%) was normal. 53 patients (26.5%) had GERD A, 35 patients (17.5%) had GERD B and 21 patients (10.5%) had GERD C. In fact, 49.5% of patients had GERD before surgery and 54.4% of patients had GERD after surgery. However, 25.7% of normal preoperative patients had reflux, which can be said that the incidence of reflux after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy was 25.7%. Comparison of reflux grades before and after surgery did not show a significant difference.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> It seems that the frequency of reflux changes before and after surgery was not significantly different.https://jbcp.shahed.ac.ir/article_4608_3cfacd1beeeb00db3c2afc128dc13b7c.pdfShahed UniversityJournal of Basic and Clinical Pathophysiology2322-189512220241030Antifungal effect of Heracleum persicum on standard Candida dublinensis strain: An in Vitro study1721445110.22070/jbcp.2024.19038.1178ENFatemehAziziFaculty of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, IranSayed ShojaedinShayehgDepartment of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, IranMohhamad AminBafandehDepartment of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, IranAlirezaNaeiniDepartment of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240421<strong>Background and Objective:</strong> The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal effects of aqueous, alcoholic, acetone extracts, and essential oil of <em>Heracleum persicum</em> seeds (<em>Golpar</em>) against standard <em>Candida dublinensis (C.d) </em>strain.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> The antifungal effects were evaluated using the agar well diffusion method. Additionally, the <em>Minimum Inhibitory Concentration</em> (MIC) and <em>Minimum Fungicidal Concentration</em> (MFC) were determined using the serial dilution method. Standard strain<em> C. d </em>was investigated, and Nystatin was used as the positive control.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The mean diameter of growth inhibition zones for the alcoholic and acetone extracts and essential oil of <em>Golpar</em> seeds were reported in millimeters as follows: 13 mm and 10 mm and 15 mm for <em>C.d</em>, respectively. Based on the results, the MIC and MFC of the alcoholic extract of Golpar seeds against <em>C.d </em>were reported as 40 mg/ml and 40 mg/ml. Additionally, the MIC and MFC of the acetone extract of Golpar seeds against <em>C. d </em>were reported as 14 mg/ml and 28 mg/ml, respectively. Moreover, MIC of the essential oil of Golpar seeds against <em>C.d </em>was 0.5 mg/ml and the MFC was 1 mg/ml.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> According to the results, the essential oil and the alcoholic and acetone extracts of Golpar seeds demonstrated promising antifungal and anti- Candidal activity<em> </em>against <em>C.d</em>. Therefore, based on the findings of this study and further research on the extracts and essential oil of Golpar, their antifungal and anti-Candidal effects could be utilized in the formulation of mouthwashes for patients with removable dentures suffering from Oral Candidiasis.https://jbcp.shahed.ac.ir/article_4451_6d4f95bf53bba28f148641c8561dbf98.pdfShahed UniversityJournal of Basic and Clinical Pathophysiology2322-189512220241030Effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on ovarian cystogenesis induced by morphine injection into ventro-medial nucleus of hypothalamus (VMH) of female Wistar rats2228460910.22070/jbcp.2024.19455.1181ENShimaKakavandDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, IranManizhehKaramiNeurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240824<strong>Background and Objective:</strong> Polycystic ovary (PCO) causes infertility and morphine use has been shown to induce this disorder. Microinjection of L-NAME, a competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) into the ventro-medial hypothalamus (VMH) may interfere with this effect as our aim<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Female Wistar rats with a weight range of 200 to 250 g received morphine (0.001-0.4 µg/rat) intra-VMH with AP coordinates= -1.96. L-NAME (0.1-0.4 μg/rat, intra-VMH) was used alone or as a pre-injection to the effective dose of morphine. L-arginine (0.1-0.4 μg/rat, intra-VMH) was also injected alone or cumulatively with the inhibitor to elucidate the mechanism. Control group received saline (1 µL/rat), intra-VMH. Finally, the animals were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine and the ovaries and uterus were dissected and examined pathologically. All data were analyzed using ANOVA (α= 0.05).<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Ovaries of morphine-treated rats showed a polycystic appearance, but the number of cysts in rats receiving L-NAME, intra-VMH, was significantly reduced. L-NAME/L-arginine intervention in the presence of morphine also had a reducing effect on cyst formation.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Induction of PCO by morphine injection in VMH may be involved in opioid receptors signaling and NOS enzyme activation, which is slowed by L-NAME intervention.https://jbcp.shahed.ac.ir/article_4609_e661551c8ec9308379cda7e2419348e5.pdfShahed UniversityJournal of Basic and Clinical Pathophysiology2322-189512220241030Protective effect of Nigella sativa phytochemical thymoquinone in a mouse model of brain injury induced by potassium dichromate2937461010.22070/jbcp.2024.19560.1183ENHamidRezaMirabiSchool of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, IranAlirezaAzizzadeh-DelshadDepartment of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.MehrdadRoghaniNeurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240903<strong>Background and Objective:</strong> Potassium dichromate, which is a form of hexavalent chromium, has been demonstrated to induce toxicity associated with oxidative stress in humans and animals. Thymoquinone (TQ) isolated from <em>Nigella sativa</em> has a wide spectrum of activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of thymoquinone in an animal model of brain damage caused by potassium dichromate in the mouse.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> In this study, mice were divided into 5 groups: control, control treated with 5 mg/kg thymoquinone, potassium dichromate, and potassium dichromate treated with 1 or 5 mg/kg thymoquinone. To induce neuronal injury, 0.5 mg/kg potassium dichromate was intranasally and daily administrated for two months. Thymoquinone was given orally and daily for seven weeks. After two months, activity of catalase (CAT), level of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and nitrite (Nit), and number of neurons in the parietal cortex were evaluated. Data analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-test with p<0.05 as significant.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Potassium dichromate significantly lowered activity of CAT and elevated levels of MDA and Nit, reduced GSH level and decreased neuronal density in the parietal cortex. Treatment with 5 mg/kg thymoquinone significantly increased activity of CAT and reduced MDA level, elevated level of GSH and also prevented reduction of neuronal density in the parietal cortex.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Thymoquinone administration can lower oxidative stress and brain injury following potassium dichromate.https://jbcp.shahed.ac.ir/article_4610_700a4d3e9b7edabf9e4b69008b0718d6.pdfShahed UniversityJournal of Basic and Clinical Pathophysiology2322-189512220241030Determination of most frequent major histocompatibility complex alleles in Iranian population by immunoinformatic3842461110.22070/jbcp.2024.19457.1182ENFatemehHajighasemiDepartment of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, IranAtefehShirkavandDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240810<strong>Background and Objective:</strong> Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is the most polymorphic genes in human genome encoding human leukocyte antigens (HLA) class I and class II. Determination of HLA alleles could help in preparing more efficient vaccines as well as successful organ transplantation in different population of the world. Immunoinformatic uses biologic computational information for modelling and prediction of immune system function in healthiness and diseases. In this study we determined the most frequent MHC alleles in Iranian population by immunoinformatic.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Utmost frequent human leukocyte antigens (HLA) alleles in Iranian population were determined using allele frequency net database (AFND, www.allelefrequencies.net).<br /><strong>Results:</strong> A total of ten alleles related to HLA Class I ( five alleles related to HLA –A [A02 (16%), A03 (12.5%), A11(10%), A24 (13.6%), A26 (10%)], three alleles related to HLA –B [(B35 (13%), B510 (12%), B53(13)%)] and two alleles related to HLA –C [C07 (17.5%), C12 (16%)] and a total of four alleles related to HLA Class II (two alleles related to HLA- DQB1 [DQB1 03 (30.5%), DQB1 05 (22 %)] and two alleles related to HLA- DRB1 [DRB1 04 (17.1%), DRB1 15 (16.1 %)], were utmost frequent alleles in the Iranian population. <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> In this study most frequent HLA alleles in Iranian population were found by immunoinformatic. These alleles could be very valuable for development of more effective vaccines as well as successful bone marrow transplantation in Iran. Besides these data could have potential implication for finding the best matched un-related donors in Iranian populations.https://jbcp.shahed.ac.ir/article_4611_14f2ebeab937ca128186e7ba876faef9.pdfShahed UniversityJournal of Basic and Clinical Pathophysiology2322-189512220241030Protective effect of metformin in kainate model of temporal lobe epilepsy in the rat4349461210.22070/jbcp.2024.19561.1184ENFatemehEbrahimi-SadrabadiDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, IranMehrdadRoghaniNeurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240903<strong>Background and Objective:</strong> Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) leads to damage of the hippocampal neurons in the CA3 region. Considering the neuroprotective and anticonvulsant effect of metformin, the present study was conducted to determine the therapeutic effect of this drug in preventing kainate TLE model in the rat.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> In this study, male Wistar rats were divided into sham, sham under treatment with metformin, epilepsy (induced by the kainate) and epilepsy treated with metformin. Epilepsy model was induced by unilateral intrahippocampal administration of 0.8 μg of kainate/rat. Rats received metformin at 200 mg/kg, i.p. and daily, for 2 weeks after the surgery.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Induction of epilepsy by kainate was followed by a significant seizure and metformin treatment attenuated this. In addition, metformin significantly prevented reduction of density of Nissl-stained neurons in CA3 area of the hippocampus. Metformin treatment also significantly decreased hippocampal MDA and improved glutathione in epileptic group.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Treatment with metformin can prevent seizure intensity in TLE rat model which is due to its reduction of oxidative burden and preservation of hippocampal CA3 neurons. https://jbcp.shahed.ac.ir/article_4612_000871c1fc726f0b52dc86a4eeb027de.pdf