Journal of Basic and Clinical Pathophysiology

Journal of Basic and Clinical Pathophysiology

Larvicidal activity of Zataria multiflora, Eucalyptus caesia Benth and Mentha piperita against Culex mosquito

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Fatemeh Hoseinpour 1
Yaser Pirali Kheirabadi 2
Maedeh Shahpasandi 2
1 Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
10.22070/jbcp.2021.14347.1141
Abstract
Background and Objective: Mosquito is a vector of several life threatening diseases affecting humans. The use of synthetic insecticides in the vector control is not advisable due to concern about environmental sustainability, harmful effect on human health and increasing insecticide resistance. So, the objective of this study was to assess larvicidal activity of essential oils (EOs) of Zataria multiflora, Eucalyptus caesia Benth, and Mentha piperita against the Culex mosquito.
Materials and Methods: The larvicidal activity of the essential oils were tested according to the WHO procedure. The larvae exposed to three-fold serial dilution of oils (2.5-400 ppm) using a dipping method for 24 h and then simultaneously each replicate was incubated in separate petri dishes at 27°C and 80-90% relative humidity. Mortality rate was recorded after an exposure of 24 h. LC50 and LC90 were calculated using Probit analysis and all data were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test.
Results: In the comparative analysis of the essential oils, LC50 & LC90 of Z. multiflora, E. caesia Benth and M. piperita were5.09429 and26.9919, 3.66376 and 35.3173, and 8.3115 and 218.888 ppm, respectively. Also, as the concentration of essential oil increased, mortality rate of larvae increased too.
Conclusion: This study concluded that the essential oils of Z. multiflora, E. caesia Benth and M. piperita have appropriate larvicidal activity against Culex, therefore, they can be used as good alternative to the Culex biological control.
Keywords
Culex
Eucalyptus caesia Benth
larvicidal activity
Mentha piperita
Zataria multiflora
  1. Abbott WS. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology 1925; 18: 265-7. PMID: 3333059.
  2. Africa: myths and reality. Malaria Journal 2011; 10:353. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-10-353.
  3. Arun KD, Suresh Kumar J, Swamy PS. Larvicidal activity and leaf essential oil composition of three species of genus Atalantia from south India. International Journal of Mosquito Research 2015;2(3):25-29.
  4. Brown AW. Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes: a pragmatic review. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 1986;2(2):123-140. PMID: 2906965
  5. Cetin H, Kurt Y, Isik K, Yanikoglu A. Larvicidal effect of Cedrus libani seed oils on mosquito Culex pipiens. Pharmaceutical Biology 2009;47(8):665–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200902918360
  6. Fatope MO, Ibrahim H, Takeda Y. Screening of higher plants reputed as pesticides using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay. International Journal of Pharmacognosy 2008;31(4): 250-254. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209309082949.
  7. Fazeli MR, Amin GR, Ahmadian Attari MM, Ashtiani H, Jamalifar H, Samadi N. Antimicrobial activities of Iranian sumac and avishan-e shirazi (Zataria multiflora) against some food-borne bacteria. Food Control 2007;18(6):646-649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2006.03.002
  8. Fillinger U, Lindsay, SW. Larval source management for malaria control in
  9. Finney DJ. Probit Analysis. 3rd ed. London, UK: Cambridge University Press 1971.
  10. Gavanji S, Sayedipour SS, Larki B, Bakhtari, A. Antiviral activity of some plant oils against herpes simplex virus type 1 in Vero cell culture. Journal of Acute Medicine 2015;5(3):62–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacme.2015.07.001
  11. Herro E & Jacob SE. Mentha piperita (peppermint). Dermatitis 2010;21(6):327–9. PMID: 21144345.
  12. Hosseinzadeh H , Ramezani M, Salmani GA. Antinociceptive, anti-infl ammatory and acute toxicity eff ects of Zataria multifl ora Boiss extracts in mice and rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2000;73(3):379-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00238-5
  13. Howard AFV, Adongo EA, Vulule J, Githure J. Effects of a botanical larvicide derived from Azadirachta indica (the neem tree) on oviposition behaviour in Anopheles gambiae s.s. mosquitoes. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 2011;5(10):1948-1954.
  14. Khanikor B, Parida P, Yadav RNS, Bora D. Comparative mode of action of some terpene compounds against octopamine receptor and acetyl cholinesterase of mosquito and human system by the help of homology modeling and Docking studies. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences 2013;3(2):6-12. doi: 10.7324/JAPS.2013.30202
  15. Kishore N, Mishra BB, Tiwari VK, Tripathi V. Opportunity, challenge and scope of natural products in medicinal chemistry. Kerala: Research Signpost 2011; 335–365.
  16. Kyarimpa CM, Bohmdorfer S, Wasswa J, Kiremire BT, Ndiege IO, Kabasa JD. Essential oil and composition of Tagetes minuta from Uganda. Larvicidal activity on Anopheles gambiae. Industrial Crops and Products 2014;62:400-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.09.006.
  17. Mahendran G & Rahman LU. Ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological updates on Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.)- A review. Phytotherapy Research 2020; 34(9):2088-2139. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6664.
  18. Medlock JM, Hansford KM, Schaffner F, Versteirt V, Hendrickx G, Zeller H and et al. A review of the invasive mosquitoes in Europe: ecology, public health risks, and control options. Vector Borne Zoonotic Diseases 2012; 12(6):435-47. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2011.0814. Epub 2012 Apr 20.
  19. Mehrsorosh H, Gavanji S, Larki B, Mohammadi MD, Karbasiun A, Bakhtari A and et al. Essential oil composition and antimicrobial screening of some Iranian herbal plants on Pectobacterium carotovorum. Global NEST Journal 2014;16:240-50.
  20. Nathan SS. The use of Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. (Myrtaceae) oil (leaf extract) as a natural larvicidal agent against the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae) Bioresource Technology 2007; 98(9):1856-60. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.07.044.
  21. Pavela R, Kaffkova K, Kumsta M. Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of essential oils from different Mentha L. and Pulegium species against Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). Plant Protection Science 2014; 50(1): 36-41. doi:10.17221/48/2013-PPS.
  22. Pavela R, Vrchotova N, Triska J. Larvicidal activity of extracts from Ammi visnaga Linn. (Apiaceae) seeds against Culex quinquefasciatus Say. (Diptera: Culicidae). Experimental Parasitology 2016; 165:51-7. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.03.016.
  23. Roberts JR, Karr CJ. Pesticide exposure in Children. Pediatrics 2012; 130(6):e1765-88. doi: 10.1542/peds.2012-2758.
  24. Sajed H, Sahebkar AH, Iranshahi M. Zataria multiflora Boiss. (Shirazi thyme)—An ancient condiment with modern pharmaceutical uses. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2013; 145(3):686-98. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.018.
  25. Schaffner F, Medlock JM, Van Bortel W. Public health significance of invasive mosquitoes in Europe. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2013;19(8):685–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-0691.12189
  26. Schnitzler P, Schon K, Reichling J. Antiviral activity of Australian tea tree oil and eucalyptus oil against herpes simplex virus in cell culture. Die Pharmazie. 2001;56(4):343-347. PMID: 11338678
  27. Senthil-Nathan S. A review of biopesticides and their mode of action against insect pests. Edition: 2015 Publisher: Springer ISBN: 978-81-322-2056-5
  28. Sharififar F,Derakhshanfar A, Dehghan-Nudeh GR, Abbasi N, Abbasi R, Rezaei Gharaei R and et al. In vivo antioxidant activity of Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oil. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2011;24(2):221-225. PMID: 21454174
  29. Tolle MA. Mosquito-borne diseases. Currrent Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care 2009;39(4):97-140.
  30. Tsai ML, Wu CT, Lin TF, Lin WC, Huang YC, Yang CH. Chemical composition and biological properties of essential oils of two mint species. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2013;12(4):577-582.
  31. Vatandoost H, Vaziri VM. Larvicidal activity of neem tree extract (Neemarin) against mosquito larvae in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2004; 10(4-5):573-81. PMID: 16335649.
  32. World Health Organization. Division of Vector Biology and Control. (‎1981)‎. Instructions for determining the susceptibility or resistance of mosquito larvae to insecticides. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/69615.WHO/VBC/81.807.
  33. Zargari, A. (1997) Medicinal Plants (6 Printing). Tehran University Publishing, Tehran136.
Journal of Basic and Clinical Pathophysiology
Volume 9, Issue 1
May 2021
Pages 52-57