Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation mitigates working memory deficit and cortical malondialdehyde besides preservation of dendritic spines in valproic acid-induced model of autism spectrum disorder

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Background and Objective: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by behavioral dysfunctions, including repetitive behaviors and impaired social interactions. Previous research has identified working memory deficits in individuals with ASD, often associated with prefrontal cortex abnormalities. Valproic acid (VPA), a well-known antiepileptic drug, has been linked to negative effects on brain development and an increased risk of ASD. This study explored the potential therapeutic impact of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) in mitigating oxidative stress and preserving neural structures in the context of ASD induced by prenatal exposure to VPA.
Materials and Methods: Our investigation examined the role of LF-rTMS, a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, in modulating working memory (Y-maze), oxidative stress, and protecting neural structures. Oxidative stress, measured by malondialdehyde (MDA) in the prefrontal cortex, serves as a critical marker for evaluating cellular damage. Dendritic spine density was assessed using the Golgi impregnation method as a marker for neural structure protection.
Results: Our data indicated that LF-rTMS treatment significantly improves working memory function, reduces MDA level, and increases dendritic spine density in the prefrontal cortex.
Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings suggest that LF-rTMS holds promise as a neuroprotective intervention, showing potential in reducing oxidative stress and preserving neural structures in a VPA-induced ASD model.

Keywords

References

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