Preconditioning Effect of Aerobic Exercise with Vitamin D3 Intake on VEGF Levels in 6-OHDA-Lesioned Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Humanities, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran

2 Islamic Azad University Sari, Iran, Sari

3 Exercise physiology department،Facuality of Islamic Azad university,sari,Iran

Abstract

Background and Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the preconditioning effect of aerobic exercise with vitamin D3 consumption on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rat model of Parkinson’s disease.
Materials and Methods: Forty-eight male rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly assigned to 6 groups: healthy control, Parkinson’s control, sham, exercise-Parkinson’s, vitamin-Parkinson’s, and vitamin+exercise-Parkinson’s groups. The exercise groups exercised for 4 weeks, 5 days per week for 30 minutes on a treadmill at the speed of 15 m/min and with the slope of zero. The vitamin groups received vitamin D3 for 4 weeks, 2 days per week and at a dose of 1 mg/kg of body weight. After 4 weeks of exercising and taking the vitamin, an experimental model of Parkinson's disease was developed using stereotactic surgery and injection of 6-OHDA into the striatum. Three weeks later, apomorphine-induced rotational test was conducted in order to verify the parkinsonian condition in rats and then VEGF levels in the striatum were measured by ELISA method after the isolation and extraction of the striatum of the rats’ brain.
Results: The results showed that four weeks of treadmill aerobic exercise in combination with vitamin D3 intake before 6-hydroxydopamine injection could significantly increase VEGF levels in the striatum (pConclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that preconditioning with aerobic exercise combined with D3 intake can increase the protection of dopaminergic neurons against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced damage by increasing the levels of VEGF and thus play a protective role against Parkinson's disease.

Keywords

References

  1. Rivka R, Isidro F. Brain banks as key part of biochemical and molecular studies on cerebral cortex involvement in Parkinson’s disease. FEBS Journal 2012; 279(7): 1167–1176.
  2. Lewis SJ, Barker RA. Understanding the dopaminergic deficits in Parkinson’s disease: insights into disease heterogeneity. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 2009; 16(5):620-625.
  3. Huang Z, Fuente-Fernández Rdl, Stoessl AJ. Etiology of Parkinson's disease. The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 2003; 30:10-18.
  4. Anstrom KK, Schallert T, Woodlee MT, Shattuck A, Roberts D. Repetitive vibrissae-elicited forelimb placing before and immediately after unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine improves outcome in a model of Parkinson's disease. Behavioural Brain Research. 2007; 179(2):183-191.
  5. Zong-PengSun, LeiGong, Shu-Hong Huang, ZhaoGeng, Lei Cheng, Zhe-Yu Chen. Intracellular trafficking and secretion of cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor in neurosecretory cells. Journal of Neurochimistry 2011; 117:121-132.
  6. Jes P, Korah P, Kuruvilla JM, Peeyush K, Paulose CS. Dopamine D 1 and D 2 receptor subtypesfunctional regulation in cerebral cortex of unilateral rotenone elesioned Parkinson’ s rat model: Effect of serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine. Parkinsonism and Related Disorders 2011; 17:255-259.
  7. Zigmond MJ, Smeyne RJ. Exercise: Is it a neuroprotective and if so, how does it work? Parkinsonism & Related Disorders. 2014; 20:123-127.
  8. Radak Z, KumagaiSh, Taylor AW, Naito H, Goto S. Effects of exercise on brain function: role of freeradicals. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 2007; 32(5):942-946.
  9. Wu SY, W. T. Running exercise protects the substantia dopaminergic neurons against inflammation via the activation of BDNF signaling pathway. Brain, Behavior and Immunity 2011; 25:135-146
  10. Choe M, Koo BS, An GJ, Jeon S. Effects of Treadmill Exercise on the Recovery of Dopaminergic Neuron Loss and Muscle Atrophy in the 6-OHDA Lesioned Parkinson's Disease Rat Model. The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 2012; 16(5):305-312.
  11. Yasuhara T, Hara K, Maki M, Matsukawa N, Fujino H, Date I, Borlongan CV. Lack of exercise, via hindlimb suspension, impedes endogenous neurogenesis. Neuroscience 2007; 149:182–191.
  12. Yasuhara T, Shingo T, Date I. The potential role of vascular endothelial growth factor in the central nervous system. Reviews in the Neurosciences, 2004; 15(4):293-307.
  13. Martinez-Campos C, Lara-Padilla E, Bobadilla-Lugo RA, Kross RD, Villanueva C. (2012). Effects of exercise on oxidative stress in rats induced by ozone. Scientific World Journal 2012, 135921.
  14. Cadet J, Last R, Osticv K, Rezedborski P, Lewis VJ. Long term behavioral and biochemical effect of 6-OHDA injection in Rat Caudate Putamen Bain Res Ball 1991; 26:707-713
  15. Al-Jarrah, Muhammed. Exercise training and rehabilitation of brain in parkinson’s disease. Clinical Medicine Research 2013; 2(2):11-17.
  16. Chitsaz A, Maracy M, Basiri K, Izadi Boroujeni M, Tanhaei AP, Rahimi M, Meamar, R. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Severity of Parkinson’s Disease. International Journal of Endocrinology 2013;1-4
  17. Kalueff AV, Minasyan A, Tuohimaa P. Anticonvulsant effects of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D in chemically induced seizures in mice. Brain Research Bulletin 2005; 67(1):156-160.
  18. Eyles DW, Burne TH, McGrath JJ. Vitamin D, effects on brain development, adult brain function and the links between low levels of vitamin D and neuropsychiatric disease. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 2013; 34(1):47-64.
  19. Sanchez B, Relova JL, Gallego R, Ben‐Batalla I, Perez‐Fernandez R. 1, 25‐ Dihydroxyvitamin D3 administration to 6‐hydroxydopamine‐lesioned rats increases glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor and partially restores tyrosine hydroxylase expression in substantia nigra and striatum. Journal of Neuroscience Research 2009; 87(3), 723-732.
  20. Wang Tao, Liu Yan-Yong, Wang Xin, Yang Nan, Zhu Hai-Bo, Zuo Ping-Ping. Protective effects of octacosanol on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinsonism in rats via regulation of ProNGF and NGF signaling. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2010; 31:765–774.
  21. Mabandla MV, Russell VA. Voluntary exercise reduces the neurotoxic effects of 6-hydroxydopamine in maternally separated rats. Behavioural Brain Research 2010; 211(1):16-22.
  22. Landers MR, Kinney JW, Breukelen FV. Forced exercise before or after induction of 6-OHDA-mediated nigrostriatal insult does not mitigate behavioral asymmetry in a hemiparkinsonian rat model. Brain Research 2014; 1543:263-270.
  23. Riaz S, Malcangio M, Miller M, Tomlinson DR. A vitamin D3 derivative (CB1093) induces nerve growth factor and prevents neurotrophic deficits in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Diabetologia 1999; 42(11):1308-1313.
  24. Tajiri N, Yasuhara T, Shingo T, Kondo A, Yuan W, Kadota T, Wang F, Baba T, Tayra TJ, Morimoto T, Jing M, Hikuchi Y, Kuramoto S, Agari T, Miyoshi Y, Fujino H, Obata F, Takeda I, Furuta T, Date I. Exercise exerts neuroprotective effects on Parkinson's disease model of rats. Brain Research 2010; 1310:200-207.
  25. Al-Jarrah M, Jamous M, Al-Zailaey K, O.Bweir S. Endurance exercise training promotes angiogenesis in the brain of chronic/progressive mouse model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurorehabilitation 2010; 26(4):369-73.
  26. Fallah-mohammadi Z، Hajzadeh-moghadam A، Aghasi M، Esmaeili A.Neuroprotective effectof voluntary exercise and hydroalcolic extrtraction of Eriobotrya Japonica on dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase in the striatum of Parkinsonian rats. Autumn 2013، 15(1): 31-38.
  27. Fallah-mohammadi Z،Mohammadi R, Aslani, J. Pre treatment Effeets of Eriobotrya Japonica Extraction on Malondialdehyde (MDA)،Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)،and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Levels in Hippocampus of Parkinsonian Rats Induced by 6-hydroxydopamine Following 12 weeks of Voluntary Exercise .Journal of Isfahan Medial School 2014;.32:274 .
  28. Murray DK, Sacheli MA, Eng JJ, Stoessl AJ. The effects of exercise on cognition in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review. Translational Neurodegeneration 2014; 3(5):1-13.
  29. Villar-Cheda B, Sousa-Ribeiro D, Rodriguez-Pallares J, Rodriguez-Perez AI, Guerra MJ, Labandeira-Garcia JL. Aging and sedentarism decrease vascularization and VEGF levels in the rat substantia nigra. Implications for Parkinson's disease. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 2008; 29(2): 230-234.
  30. Taheri Chadorneshin H،Noorshahi M،Ranjbar K.Comparing angiogenesis proteases of active and inactive men following submaximal activities.Journal of Sports Research 1390; 10:143-158.
  31. Wang JY, Wu JN, Cheng TL, Hoffer BJ, Chen HH, Borlongan CV et al. Vitamin D3 attenuates 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Brain Research 2001; 904(1):67-75.
  32. Dutra MF, Jaeger M, Ilha J, Kalil-Gaspar PI, Marcuzzo S, Achaval M. Exercise improves motor deficits and alters striatal GFAP expression in a 6-OHDAinduced rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurological Sciences 2012; 33(5):1137-44.
  33. Yue X, Hariri DJ, Caballero B, Zhang S, Bartlett MJ, Kaut O et al. Comparative study of the neurotrophic effects elicited by vegf-B and gdnf in preclinical in vivo models of Parkinson’s disease. Neuroscience 2014; 258:385–400.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics